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2.
Rev. patol. respir ; 24(2): 39-44, abr.- jun. 2021. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-228292

RESUMO

Los objetivos de este trabajo son estudiar y valorar si han existido cambios en las indicaciones de broncoscopia en la Unidad de Endoscopia Respiratoria (UER) del Hospital Universitario (H.U.) 12 de Octubre en los últimos años, puesto que se han observado cambios epidemiológicos en distintas patologías respiratorias y se han incorporado nuevas técnicas endoscópicas. Por otra parte y dado que el trasplante pulmonar se introdujo en este hospital en el año 2008, también hemos valorado las diferencias en cuanto a las indicaciones de broncoscopia entre los pacientes sometidos a trasplante frente al resto en un segundo periodo de tiempo. Para realizar el estudio se ha utilizado la base de datos de la Unidad de Endoscopia Respiratoria del H.U. 12 de Octubre. Se han comparado pacientes de dos periodos de tiempo similares de 5 años: 2003-2008 vs. 2013-2018. En este último grupo se han valorado las diferencias entre los pacientes con trasplante pulmonar frente al resto. En los últimos cinco años se ha observado un mayor requerimiento de técnicas diagnósticas más complejas, una utilización mayoritaria de la sedación y un mayor número de pacientes en régimen hospitalario. Los pacientes con trasplante pulmonar tienen mayor necesidad de exploraciones urgentes y en régimen hospitalario, con mayor requerimiento de técnicas como la biopsia transbronquial y el lavado broncoalveolar. Por tanto como conclusión podemos decir que se han producido cambios en las indicaciones con una mayor complejidad en los últimos cinco años (AU)


Since epidemiologic changes regarding bronchogenic carcinoma had been related and new endoscopic techniques are available, one of the objectives of this study is evaluate the changes in bronchoscopy indications in the Unity of Respiratory Endoscopy of the H.U. 12 de Octubre. On the other hand, since lung transplantation has been introduced in H.U. 12 de Octubre in 2008, another objective is evaluate the differences related to bronchoscopy indication between patients with lung transplantation and not. We have used the database from the Unity of Respiratory Endoscopy of the H.U. 12 de Octubre. We have compared patients from two different periods: 2003-2008 (Period 1) and 2013-2018 (Period 2). We have also evaluated the differences between lung transplantation and not during period 2. Along the last five years we have related the following changes: a larger requirement of diagnostic techniques (TBP, BAL), a main use of sedation and a larger number of patients under hospital admission. As a conclusion, the bronchoscopy has become more complex. Patients with lung transplantation have more necessity of urgent examination under hospital admission and a larger request of specific techniques such as transbronchial biopsy and bronchoalveolar lavage. Therefore, this patients had entailed changes in the complexity if the bronchoscopy techniques in the last five years (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Hospitais Universitários/estatística & dados numéricos , Transplante de Pulmão/métodos , Broncoscopia/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Longitudinais , Estudos Retrospectivos
3.
Rev. patol. respir ; 23(3): 114-116, jul.-sept. 2020. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-194923

RESUMO

El síndrome de distrés respiratorio del adulto por SARS-CoV-2 ha sido una de las causas de requerimiento de intubación orotraqueal (IOT) en pacientes con insuficiencia respiratoria grave. En los pacientes ingresados en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI) con dificultad para la desconexión de ventilación mecánica invasiva, se considera la traqueostomía como una opción terapéutica para la progresión respiratoria. La traqueostomía percutánea es una técnica que ofrece varias ventajas en comparación con la quirúrgica, es más rápida, más barata y tiene menos complicaciones de forma global, si bien es cierto que presenta mayor riesgo de laceración o rotura traqueal. Presentamos un caso de rotura traqueal en paciente con neumonía grave SARS-CoV-2 tras traqueostomía percutánea resuelta con manejo conservador y una revisión de la literatura


SDRA secondary due to SARS-Cov 2 infection is one of the causes of tracheal intubation. In patients with acute respiratory failure. In ICU patientes with difficcult weaning of mechanical ventilation tracheostomy is one of the therapeutic approach. Percutaneous tracheostomy have so many advantages instead of surgical tracheostomy wiht less complications rate, cheaper and quicker. One of the complications of this technique is the risk of tracheal rupture. We present a case of tracheal rupture in a patient with severe SARS- Cov-2 pneumonia secondary a percutaneous tracheostomy solved with conservative management and a literatura review


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doença Iatrogênica , Traqueia/lesões , Betacoronavirus , Infecções por Coronavirus/terapia , Pneumonia Viral/terapia , Traqueia/diagnóstico por imagem , Infecções por Coronavirus/complicações , Infecções por Coronavirus/prevenção & controle , Pandemias/prevenção & controle , Pneumonia Viral/complicações , Pneumonia Viral/prevenção & controle , Ruptura/etiologia , Radiografia Torácica , Traqueotomia/métodos , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X
4.
Radiología (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 62(4): 292-297, jul.-ago. 2020. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-194246

RESUMO

La European Society of Urogenital Radiology (ESUR) ha actualizado la guía de profilaxis de la lesión renal aguda poscontraste (LRA-PC) yodado en 2018, guía ESUR 10.0. Esta guía reduce drásticamente las indicaciones de la realización de la profilaxis de la LRA-PC yodado, rebajando el dintel de realización de profilaxis a filtrados glomerulares menores de 30 ml/min/1,73m2 y eliminando la mayoría de los considerados factores de riesgo previamente. En los casos en que se considera necesario, las pautas de hidratación indicadas son más cortas que en la guía previa. Esta guía ha sido suscrita por la mayoría de las sociedades radiológicas, pero también ha sido criticada por su excesiva relajación en cuanto a los factores de riesgo, especialmente por la comunidad nefrológica. En este artículo revisamos los cambios que supone esta guía en relación con la anterior y planteamos las críticas a la misma


The European Society of Urogenital Radiology (ESUR) updated its guidelines for prophylaxis against postcontrast acute kidney injury (PC-AKI) in 2018 (ESUR 10.0). These guidelines drastically reduce the indications for prophylaxis against PC-AKI after iodine-based contrast administration, lowering the cutoff for administering prophylaxis to glomerular filtration rates <30ml/min/1.73m2 and eliminating most of the prior risk factors. Moreover, in cases where prophylaxis is considered necessary, the periods of hydration are shorter than in the previous version. These guidelines have been approved by most radiological societies, although they have also been criticized for excessive relaxation regarding risk factors, especially by the nephrological community. In this article, we critically review the changes to the guidelines


Assuntos
Humanos , Insuficiência Renal/diagnóstico por imagem , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto , Meios de Contraste/efeitos adversos , Taxa de Filtração Glomerular , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Fatores de Risco , Meios de Contraste/administração & dosagem
5.
Rev. patol. respir ; 23(1): 3-8, ene.-mar. 2020. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-191887

RESUMO

INTRODUCCIÓN: El objetivo de nuestro estudio fue valorar la posibilidad de diagnosticar la Hipertensión Pulmonar (HP) mediante signos en la tomografía computarizada (TC), en pacientes con EPID que van a ser sometidos a criobiopsia transbronquial (CBxTb) sin necesidad de realizar ecocardiograma transtoracico (EcoC) sistemático y si la existencia de HP en TC influye de manera relevante en el riesgo de complicaciones de sangrado y en las demoras de realización de la técnica. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio prospectivo de casos controles de todos los pacientes en los que se realizó CBxTb en un período de 20 meses. Los controles fueron los pacientes en los que se realizó CBxTb con EcoC previa protocolizada y los casos los pacientes en los que se realizó EcoC pre CBxTb sólo sin había signos de HP en la TC. Analizamos la correlación entre los datos de HP de la TC y EcoC, las complicaciones por sangrado y la demora al procedimiento entre los grupos. RESULTADOS: Se han realizado 40 CBxTb. Se incluyeron 16 controles; 12 (75%) sin signos de HP en la TC con una especificidad de ésta en relación al EcoC del 85%, sensibilidad 71% y VPN 82%. Se incluyeron 24 casos y, tras los hallazgos de la TC, sólo se solicitó EcoC preCBxTb a 4 pacientes, de los que 3 resultaron falsos positivos. No hubo diferencias entre grupo de controles y casos en cuanto al sangrado (18,7% vs. 16,7%; p= 0,54) pero si en la demora diagnóstica (62 vs. 37; p= 0,03). CONCLUSIÓN: En nuestra serie de pacientes con EPID y CBxTb consideramos indicada la realización de EcoC sólo en casos con signos de HP en la TC, permitiendo acortar la demora diagnóstica sin aumento de sangrados


INTRODUCTION: Our objective was to assess whether the performance of EcoC only in those patients in which the caliper measurement of the PA on CT suggested the existence ofPAH, relevant influence on the risk of bleeding complications and delays CbxTb conducting. MATERIAL AND METHODS: It has been conducted prospective, case-control, of all patients who underwent CbxTb in our unit over a period of 20 months. Defining control group those patients who EcoC was done protocolised, before CbxTb, and cases all patients who EcoC was made only in cases where there were signs of PAH in CT. We analized the correlation in HP diagnosis signs between CT and EcoC data, risk of bleeding and delays in the procedure. RESULTS: We were performed 40 patients. In the control group include 16 patients, CTdetected no signs of HP in 12 (75%) cases, with a specificity of 85%, sensitivity of 71% and negative predictive value of 82%. In our cases group, we include 24 patients, and EcoC was only made before the procedure in 4 cases, 3 of them false positives. No differences in bleeding was found between control and cases groups (18.7% vs. 16.7%; p= 0.54) but for the delays in the procedure was lower in the cases group (62 days vs. 37; p= 0.03) .Conclusion. In our study with interstitial lung disease and CbxTb we conclude that EcoC was indicated only in the cases with PH findings on CT reducing the delays in the procedure without bleeding rate increase


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Hipertensão Pulmonar/diagnóstico por imagem , Criobiologia/métodos , Biópsia/métodos , Criocirurgia/métodos , Doenças Pulmonares Intersticiais/patologia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Estudos Prospectivos , Ecocardiografia
6.
Radiologia (Engl Ed) ; 62(4): 292-297, 2020.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32029241

RESUMO

The European Society of Urogenital Radiology (ESUR) updated its guidelines for prophylaxis against postcontrast acute kidney injury (PC-AKI) in 2018 (ESUR 10.0). These guidelines drastically reduce the indications for prophylaxis against PC-AKI after iodine-based contrast administration, lowering the cutoff for administering prophylaxis to glomerular filtration rates <30ml/min/1.73m2 and eliminating most of the prior risk factors. Moreover, in cases where prophylaxis is considered necessary, the periods of hydration are shorter than in the previous version. These guidelines have been approved by most radiological societies, although they have also been criticized for excessive relaxation regarding risk factors, especially by the nephrological community. In this article, we critically review the changes to the guidelines.


Assuntos
Injúria Renal Aguda/induzido quimicamente , Injúria Renal Aguda/prevenção & controle , Meios de Contraste/efeitos adversos , Humanos
7.
Rev. patol. respir ; 22(2): 75-77, abr.-jun. 2019. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-185774

RESUMO

La aspiración de cuerpos extraños es un evento relativamente infrecuente, aunque potencialmente mortal, al que se tienen que enfrentar las unidades de endoscopia respiratoria de forma ocasional. La mayor parte de las aspiraciones ocurren en pacientes con algún factor de riesgo para la misma, principalmente trastornos neurológicos. Los cuerpos extraños aspirados más frecuentemente son de origen orgánico y, dada la disposición anatómica bronquial, tienden a alojarse en el sistema bronquial derecho. Presentamos un caso de nuestro centro de broncoaspiración de material quirúrgico odontológico extraído mediante broncoscopia rígida


Foreign body aspiration is a relatively infrequent situation, although potentially life-threating, to which respiratory endoscopy units have to face occasionally. Most of the aspirations take place in patients with some risk factor for it, mainly neurological disorders. The most frequently aspirated foreign bodies are of organic origin and, given the anatomical bronchial arrangement, tend to lodge in the right bronchial system. We report a case from our hospital of a dental surgery tool aspiration removed using rigid bronchoscopy


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Migração de Corpo Estranho/diagnóstico por imagem , Migração de Corpo Estranho/cirurgia , Broncoscopia/métodos , Brônquios/diagnóstico por imagem
8.
Drugs Today (Barc) ; 54(9): 519-533, 2018 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30303493

RESUMO

Tolvaptan is an orally active antagonist of vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone [ADH]) V2 receptors. By blocking water reabsorption in kidney collecting ducts, it prompts renal free-water excretion and has been used for the treatment of hyponatremia, both euvolemic due to the syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion, and hypervolemic due to liver cirrhosis and congestive heart failure. In the past few years, it has been shown that vasopressin and its second messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) play an important role in the pathogenesis of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). This has been the rationale for the use of tolvaptan to halt the progression of ADPKD, mainly through slowing kidney growth and decline in renal function. Two major randomized clinical trials have demonstrated the benefits of tolvaptan in slowing the progression of ADPKD in terms of kidney growth and decline in renal function at 1 and 3 years (REPRISE and TEMPO). However, the long-term effectiveness of treatment with tolvaptan remains to be determined.


Assuntos
Antagonistas dos Receptores de Hormônios Antidiuréticos/uso terapêutico , Rim Policístico Autossômico Dominante/tratamento farmacológico , Tolvaptan/uso terapêutico , Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto , Interações Medicamentosas , Humanos , Tolvaptan/efeitos adversos , Tolvaptan/farmacocinética , Tolvaptan/farmacologia
9.
Oncoimmunology ; 7(7): e1445952, 2018.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29900063

RESUMO

Direct stimulation of the antitumor activity of immune system through checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of different cancer types. The activity of these antibodies takes place in the immunological synapse blocking the binding of the negative immunoregulatory proteins, thus leading to the finalization of the immune response. Despite having a favorable toxicity profile, its mechanism of action impedes the negative regulation of the immune activity which can potentially favor autoimmune attacks to normal tissues. Renal toxicity has been described in several ICI but not with atezolizumab, an IgG1 monoclonal antibody targeting PD-L1 (programmed death ligand 1), approved by FDA as a second-line therapy for advanced urothelial carcinoma. Here we present a patient with a single kidney and metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with atezolizumab and bevacizumab combination, with biopsy-proven acute interstitial nephritis, who had a complete resolution of renal dysfunction after steroid therapy.

10.
Rev. patol. respir ; 21(1): 35-38, ene.-mar. 2018. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-173350

RESUMO

Paciente de 33 años con Enfermedad de Crohn (EC) refractaria al tratamiento en cuarta línea de terapia inmunosupresora, que ingresa por un cuadro de tres semanas de evolución de tos productiva y síntomas constitucionales asociados a un brote de su enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal (EII). Se realiza una fibrobroncoscopia (FB) en la que se visualizó una mucosa eritematosa, tejido inflamatorio y de aspecto granulomatoso. Se realizaron biopsias bronquiales y finalmente se llegó al diagnóstico traqueobronquitis relacionada a la EC como manifestación extraintestinal


A 33 year-old man with Crohn disease (CD) refractory to usual treatment, actually receiving fourth line of immunosuppressive therapy presented with three weeks of productive cough, constitutional symptoms associated to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) reactivation. A flexible bronchoscopy (FB) was performed and showed erythematous mucosa and exuberant tissue that suggest a granulomatous process. Bronchial specimens were taken and sent to histopathological study, finally diagnosis was made, CD related tracheobronquits as extraintestinal manifestation


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Doença de Crohn/complicações , Bronquite/diagnóstico por imagem , Bronquite/etiologia , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/complicações , Imunossupressores/efeitos adversos , Corticosteroides/uso terapêutico , Radiografia Torácica , Tomografia Computadorizada de Emissão/métodos , Broncoscopia
11.
Rev. patol. respir ; 15(4): 136-139, oct.-dic. 2012. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-107582

RESUMO

La ecobroncoscopia es una técnica que ha demostrado su utilidad en el estudio y estadificación del carcinoma broncogénico. Su utilidad en otro tipo de lesiones, especialmente en procesos granulomatosos y linfoproliferativos es más discutida. Presentamos nuestra experiencia en el diagnóstico de este tipo de lesiones en los primeros meses de actividad en nuestro centro y una breve revisión de los últimos artículos publicados en esta línea (AU)


Endobronchial ultrasound is highly accurate procedure for the examination and staging of lung carcinoma. Its usefulness in other diseases like granulomatous and linfoproliferative illness is less clear. We show our initial experience in the diagnosis of these type of diseases and a short review of the recent articles published (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Endossonografia/métodos , Transtornos Linfoproliferativos/diagnóstico , Doença Granulomatosa Crônica/diagnóstico , Carcinoma Broncogênico/diagnóstico , Sarcoidose Pulmonar/diagnóstico , Linfoma/diagnóstico
12.
Rev. patol. respir ; 15(2): 40-44, abr.-jun. 2012. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-102044

RESUMO

Introducción: La fibrobroncoscopia (FB) es una técnica de gran utilidad en el diagnóstico del nódulo pulmonar solitario (NPS) y de las masas pulmonares. La rentabilidad de la biopsia transbronquial (BTB) es variable y depende de distintos factores como la experiencia del operador. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la rentabilidad de la BTB en el diagnóstico de la lesión pulmonar focal (LPF) maligna coincidiendo con la incorporación de dos nuevos médicos en nuestra Unidad sin experiencia previa en esta técnica, comparando los resultados con los datos previos de nuestro centro.Material y métodos: Se consideró LPF toda lesión pulmonar intraparenquimatosa bien circunscrita, rodeada de tejido pulmonar normal. Se incluyeron los pacientes remitidos desde febrero de 2008 a agosto de 2009 por una LPF (sin lesión endobronquial visible) y diagnóstico definitivo de malignidad. Se estudiaron 85 pacientes.Resultados: La rentabilidad diagnóstica de la BTB fue 0,55. La rentabilidad de la BTB fue mayor en lesiones > 2 cm (≤ 2 cm frente a > 2 cm; 0,38 frente a 0,62; p = 0,02) pero no hubo diferencias según la localización (central frente a periférica; 0,67 frente a 0,54; p = 0,16). La rentabilidad previa era de 0,76; sin diferencias según el tamaño (≤ 2 cm frente a > 2 cm; 0,72 frente a 0,78; p = 0,48), ni la localización (central frente a periférica; 0,83 frente a 0,74; p = 0,39).Conclusión: La experiencia del broncoscopista influye en la rentabilidad diagnóstica de la BTB en LPF malignas (AU)


Introduction: The fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FB) is a useful technique in the diagnosis of focal pulmonary nodules and masses. The profitability of the FB and transbronchial biopsy (TB) is variable and depends on different factors such as the operator's experience. The aim of this study was to determine if the diagnostic profitability of these techniques, in the diagnosis of malignant focal pulmonary lesions (FPL), changed with the incorporation of a new medical staff compared with previous data of our center. Material and methods: A FPL was defined as an intra ¿ parenchymatous pulmonary lesion that is well circumscribed and completely surrounded by healthy lung.We analyzed all the FBs between 02/2008 and 08/2009 in patients with a FPL with a definitive diagnosis of malignancy. 85 patients were included. Results: The diagnostic profitability of the TB was 0.55; it was higher when the FPL was > 2 cm (≤ 2 cm vs > 2 cm; 0.38 vs 0.62; p = 0.02) but no difference was found by site (central vs. peripheral; 0.67 vs 0.54; p = 0.16). The previous profitability of TB was 0.76 without differences by size (≤ 2cm vs > 2 cm; 0.72 vs 0,78; p = 0,48) or site (central vs peripheral; 0.83 vs 0.74; p = 0,39).Conclusion: We conclude that the operator's experience influences in the diagnostic profitability of the TB, in the malignant FPL (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Broncoscopia/métodos , Nódulo Pulmonar Solitário/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico , Lesão Pulmonar/patologia , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Sensibilidade e Especificidade
13.
Rev. patol. respir ; 15(1): 27-29, ene.-mar. 2012. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-101990

RESUMO

Las metástasis endoluminales de la vía aérea por melanoma son bastante infrecuentes. Presentamos una serie de seis casos de metástasis en tráquea y árbol bronquial por melanoma maligno. De éstos, en cuatro casos se realizó una resección endoscópica y aplicación de láser por producir una obstrucción significativa de la vía aérea con síntomas asociados (AU)


Airway endoluminal Metastasis of malignant melanoma are rare. We present a group of six cases of metastatic malignant melanoma in trachea and bronchial tube, four of them required endoscopic resection and laser therapy to treat secondary symptomatic severe airway obstruction (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Metástase Neoplásica , Melanoma/complicações , Neoplasias do Sistema Respiratório/secundário , Broncoscopia , Terapia a Laser , Obstrução das Vias Respiratórias/etiologia
15.
Nefrologia ; 31(3): 313-21, 2011.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21629337

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Most hypertensive patients do not reach target blood pressure (BP), especially if they are diabetic. The objective of the study is to assess the percentage of tight BP control, defined as BP<130/80mm Hg and identify factors associated with it in diabetic type 2 (DM2) patients treated in nephrology units. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Observational and cross-sectional study; we included 526 patients with DM2 and arterial hypertension (AHT). We collected data on: demographics, anthropometrics, harmful habits, history of cardiovascular disease (CVD), blood pressure, kidney function, glycaemic control, lipid profile, and drug treatment, among others. RESULTS: The mean age (SD) was 66 (10.6) years, 61% were male, 12.8% were smokers, 39.4% had a history of CVD, 72% had hypercholesterolemia, and 44% were obese. Seventeen point five percent of patients had tight BP control (<130/80mm Hg) (95% confidence interval [CI]:14.3-21.0), while 36.9% had BP below 140/85mm Hg. Seventy-one percent of patients were prescribed two or more anti-hypertensive treatments. Several factors are associated with tight BP control not being achieved, and the logistic regression analysis revealed that LDL cholesterol levels were significantly associated (odds ratio [OR] 0.55; 95% CI:0.41-0.75 for one standard deviation increase). CONCLUSIONS: Of the DM2 patients that attended the nephrology units, less than 20% achieved a tight BP control. Cholesterol levels seem to be the main factor associated with unsatisfactory BP control within our study population.


Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicações , Angiopatias Diabéticas/complicações , Angiopatias Diabéticas/prevenção & controle , Hipertensão/complicações , Hipertensão/prevenção & controle , Idoso , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino
16.
Nefrología (Madr.) ; 31(3): 313-321, jun. 2011.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-103204

RESUMO

Fundamento y objetivo: La mayoría de pacientes hipertensos no alcanza los objetivos de control de la presión arterial (PA), especialmente si son diabéticos. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el porcentaje de control estricto de la PA definida como PA <130/80 mmHg e identificar factores asociados al mismo en pacientes diabéticos tipo 2 (DM2) tratados en unidades de nefrología. Pacientes y método: Estudio observacional y transversal, en el que se incluyeron 526 pacientes con DM2 e hipertensión arterial (HTA). Se recogieron datos demográficos, antropométricos, hábitos tóxicos, antecedentes de enfermedad cardiovascular (ECV), medidas de PA, función renal, control glicémico, perfil lipídico y tratamiento farmacológico, entre otros. Resultados: La edad media (DE) fue de 66 (10,6) años, con un 61% de hombres, un 12,8% de fumadores, un 39,4% con antecedentes de ECV, un 72% con hipercolesterolemia, y 44% con obesidad. El porcentaje de control estricto de la PA (<130/80 mmHg) fue del 17,5% (intervalo de confianza [IC] 95%: 14,3-21,0), mientras que un 36,9% tenían la PA por debajo de 140/85 mmHg. Un 71,1% de pacientes recibía dos o más tratamientos antihipertensivos. Diversos factores se asociaron con falta de control estricto de la PA, de los cuales, tras análisis de regresión logística, destacaban los valores de colesterol LDL (odds ratio [OR] 0,55; IC 95%: 0,41-0,75 para un aumento de 1 DE). Conclusiones: En pacientes con DM2 atendidos en unidades de nefrología, el porcentaje del control estricto de la PA es inferior al 20% en la clínica. Los niveles de colesterol parece el principal factor asociado con el control insuficiente de PA en la población estudiada (AU)


Background and objective: Most hypertensive patients do not reach target blood pressure (BP), especially if they are diabetic. The objective of the study is to assess the percentage of tight BP control, defined as BP<130/80mm Hg and identify factors associated with it in diabetic type 2 (DM2) patients treated in nephrology units. Patients and methods: Observational and cross-sectional study; we included 526 patients with DM2 and arterial hypertension (AHT). We collected data on: demographics, anthropometrics, harmful habits, history of cardiovascular disease (CVD), blood pressure, kidney function, glycaemic control, lipid profile, and drug treatment, among others. Results: The mean age (SD) was 66 (10.6) years, 61% were male, 12.8% were smokers, 39.4% had a history of CVD, 72% had hypercholesterolemia, and 44% were obese. Seventeen point five percent of patients had tight BP control (<130/80mm Hg) (95% confidence interval [CI]:14.3-21.0), while 36.9% had BP below 140/85mm Hg. Seventy-one percent of patients were prescribed two or more anti-hypertensive treatments. Several factors are associated with tight BP control not being achieved, and the logistic regression analysis revealed that LDL cholesterol levels were significantly associated (odds ratio [OR] 0.55; 95% CI:0.41-0.75 for one standard deviation increase). Conclusions: Of the DM2 patients that attended the nephrology units, less than 20% achieved a tight BP control. Cholesterol levels seem to be the main factor associated with unsatisfactory BP control within our study population (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamento farmacológico , Hipertensão/tratamento farmacológico , Nefropatias/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Anti-Hipertensivos/administração & dosagem , Hipoglicemiantes/administração & dosagem
17.
Rev. patol. respir ; 14(2): 43-48, abr.-jun. 2011. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-98469

RESUMO

Introducción: Los objetivos fueron determinar la rentabilidad microbiológica del lavado broncoalveolar (LBA) e identificar los microorganismos que con mayor frecuencia se aislaron de acuerdo con las poblaciones de riesgo. Material y métodos: Se estudiaron todos los LBA entre enero de 2008 y diciembre de 2009. En todas las muestras se realizó el protocolo microbiológico (estudio de bacterias, hongos, micobacterias, virus y Pneumocystis jiroveci). Se recogieron variables sociodemográficas, prioridad de la indicación, servicio solicitante, resultados microbiológicos y complicaciones. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó la prueba estadística de Chi cuadrado, considerando estadísticamente significativa una diferencia entre grupos p < 0,05. Resultados: Se efectuaron 244 LBA, de los que fueron positivos el 46,7% (bacterias 15,1%, hongos 16%, micobacterias 2,5%, virus 5,3% y Pneumocystis jiroveci 7,8%). Se dividió a la población en subgrupos de riesgo (trasplante de órgano sólido, infección por virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana [VIH] o sida, enfermedad pulmonar intersticial difusa con o sin tratamiento inmunosupresor, trastornos hematológicos, enfermedades reumatológicas con tratamiento inmunosupresor, enfermedad tumoral en tratamiento con quimioterapia o radioterapia), y se realizó un análisis de la rentabilidad diagnóstica del LBA en cada uno de ellos. El LBA en pacientes con infección por VIH o sida presentó una mayor frecuencia de virus, hongos y Pneumocystis jiroveci mientras que el LBA en pacientes con trastornos hematológicos presentó una mayor frecuencia de Pneumocystis jiroveci. En los otros subgrupos, no se encontraron diferencias. Conclusión: En la mitad de los LBA realizados se obtuvo un diagnóstico microbiológico definitivo. La enfermedad de base del paciente permite predecir la mayor probabilidad del germen responsable, principalmente en pacientes con VIH positivo y con enfermedades hematológicas (AU)


Introduction: The objectives of this study were to determine the microbiological diagnostic yield of the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and to identify the most frequently isolated microorganisms according to the risk populations. Material and methods: All the BALs done between January 2008 and December 2009 were studied. The microbiological protocol was carried out for all the BAL samples (bacteria, fungus, mycobacteria, virus and Pneumocystis jiroveci). Social demographic data, priority of the procedure, unit that required the procedure, microbiological results and complications variables were noted. The Chi square statistical test was used, the results being considered as statistically significant when p <0 05 results: a total of 244 bals were done 46 7 which positive bacteria 15 1 fungus 16 mycobacteria 2 5 virus 3 and pneumocystis jiroveci 8 the population was divided into following risk subgroups: solid organ transplant hiv infection or aids diffuse interstitial lung disease with without immunosuppressant treatment hematologic diseases rheumatologic cancer chemotherapy radiotherapy an analysis bal microbiological diagnostic yield in each group those patients showed higher frequency while hematological no differences found other groups conclusion: almost half carried out final result medical background patient makes it possible to predict responsible germ greater likelihood especially (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Lavagem Broncoalveolar/métodos , Broncoscopia/métodos , Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/microbiologia , Pneumopatias Fúngicas/microbiologia , Pneumocystis carinii/isolamento & purificação , Transplante de Órgãos , Hospedeiro Imunocomprometido
18.
Rev. clín. esp. (Ed. impr.) ; 210(9): 457-461, oct. 2010. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-82056

RESUMO

Mujer de 57 años con antecedentes de hipertensión arterial en tratamiento. Es fumadora habitual desde los 18 años con un consumo acumulado de 70 años/paquete. Fue estudiada en la consulta de neumología por clínica de síndrome constitucional objetivándose en la radiografía de tórax una imagen de lesión pulmonar focal en lóbulo superior derecho de más de 3cm de localización periférica. Se realizó una Tomografia Axial Computarizada (TAC) de tórax en el que se confirmó la existencia de una masa pulmonar de 3,3cm, con adenopatías mediastínicas paratraqueales y subcarinales. Posteriormente se realizó una Tomografía por Emisión de Positrones (PET) en la que se confirmó captación patológica de la masa y de ambas localizaciones ganglionares. ¿Qué estudios adicionales le parecen más adecuados para realizar un correcto diagnóstico y estadificación ganglionar? ¿Es posible solo con la broncoscopia establecer un correcto diagnóstico y estadificación del caso?(AU)


A 57-year old woman with arterial hypertension under treatment. She has smoked since she was 18 years old with an accumulated index of 70 years/pack. She was studied in our Respiratory Department due to constitutional syndrome, the X-ray showing an image of focal pulmonary lesion in the right upper lobe of more than 3cm of peripheral location. The computed tomography (CT) scan confirmed the existence of a 3.3cm mass in the upper right lobe and detected paratracheal and subcarinal mediastinal abnormal lymph nodes. A subsequent Positron Emission Tomography (PET) confirmed pathological uptake of the mass and both lymph node locations. Which additional studies do you consider to be indicated for a correct diagnosis and mediastinal staging? Do bronchoscopy techniques alone establish the final diagnosis and staging of this patient?(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Carcinoma Broncogênico/diagnóstico , Carcinoma Broncogênico/cirurgia , Broncoscopia , Biópsia/métodos , Biópsia/tendências , Radiografia Torácica/métodos , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons/métodos , Imuno-Histoquímica/métodos , Lavagem Broncoalveolar/métodos , Lavagem Broncoalveolar , Carcinoma Broncogênico/fisiopatologia , Carcinoma Broncogênico , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons , Sarcoidose Pulmonar/complicações
19.
Rev Clin Esp ; 210(9): 457-61, 2010 Oct.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20846647

RESUMO

A 57-year old woman with arterial hypertension under treatment. She has smoked since she was 18 years old with an accumulated index of 70 years/pack. She was studied in our Respiratory Department due to constitutional syndrome, the X-ray showing an image of focal pulmonary lesion in the right upper lobe of more than 3cm of peripheral location. The computed tomography (CT) scan confirmed the existence of a 3.3cm mass in the upper right lobe and detected paratracheal and subcarinal mediastinal abnormal lymph nodes. A subsequent Positron Emission Tomography (PET) confirmed pathological uptake of the mass and both lymph node locations. Which additional studies do you consider to be indicated for a correct diagnosis and mediastinal staging? Do bronchoscopy techniques alone establish the final diagnosis and staging of this patient?


Assuntos
Broncoscopia , Carcinoma Broncogênico/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de Tempo
20.
Oncogene ; 29(22): 3276-86, 2010 Jun 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20305692

RESUMO

The use of c-abl-specific inhibitors such as Imatinib (IM) or Dasatinib has revolutionized the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). However, a significant percentage of patients become resistant to IM. In this report, we have analyzed the possibility of using the proteasome as a molecular target in CML. Our results show that cells that express Bcr-Abl1 are more sensitive to the inhibition of the proteasome with Bortezomib (Btz) than control cells. This treatment reduces the proliferation of Bcr-Abl1-expressing cells, by inactivating NF-kappaB2 and decreasing the phosphorylation of Rb, eventually leading to an increase in caspase-dependent apoptosis. Furthermore, we show that Btz also induces cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in cells expressing Bcr-Abl1 mutants that are resistant to IM. These results unravel a new molecular target of Btz, that is the Rb pathway, and open new possibilities in the treatment of CML especially for patients that become resistant to IM because of the presence of the T315I mutation.


Assuntos
Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Ácidos Borônicos/farmacologia , Caspases/metabolismo , Proteínas de Fusão bcr-abl/biossíntese , Leucemia Mielogênica Crônica BCR-ABL Positiva/tratamento farmacológico , Piperazinas/farmacologia , Pirazinas/farmacologia , Pirimidinas/farmacologia , Proteína do Retinoblastoma/metabolismo , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Benzamidas , Bortezomib , Processos de Crescimento Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Ensaio de Desvio de Mobilidade Eletroforética , Citometria de Fluxo , Proteínas de Fusão bcr-abl/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas de Fusão bcr-abl/genética , Humanos , Mesilato de Imatinib , Leucemia Mielogênica Crônica BCR-ABL Positiva/metabolismo , Leucemia Mielogênica Crônica BCR-ABL Positiva/patologia , NF-kappa B/antagonistas & inibidores , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Fosforilação/efeitos dos fármacos
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